Human Trafficking

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C. Lalremruata
Director
Zo Indigenous Forum

Mihring rilru a sualna lo awmchhan lianber pakhat chu pawisa itna vang a ni awm e, chuvangin kan Bible ngei pawhin sum ngainat hi sual tinreng bul a ni a lo timathlawn lovin, sum itna avangin finrawl chhuah a, mahni mihring puite rubo a, siamtu-in mitin te rualkhai taka min pek kan mimal zalenna (human rights) leh a mihringpui nihna hmaieng pawh zahzo lova ru chhuak a, midangte hnena hralh chhawn leh hi thil rapthlak tak a ni a, hetianga sumdawng hi khawvelah hmun tinah an kat nuk a, khawvel in dorem tumin a bei mek a, mahse a hlawk em avang leh a manna dan tha ram tam takin kan la neihlo avangin hetianga mihringpuite hralh thin te hi an reh theilo a ni. Khawvelah ralthuam leh ruihhlo lama sumdawnna tih lohah chuan a hlawk ber a ni. Mahni mihring puite hmanga sumdawnna tluka tenawm, huat thla leh rapthlak hi a awm chuanglo ti ila kan sawi sual tam awm lo e, he sumdawnna rapthlak hi sap tawngin “Human Trafficking” an ti.

Khawvel thangzel leh hmasawn zelah hian kan ram pawhin ramdangte ruali hma a sawn ve zel a, a pen ve bek bek a ni, sualna chi hrang hrang pawh chutih rual chuan a pung ve tial tial a, khawvel hmu danga thleng tura kan ngaih sualna te chuan ka khawtlang leh kan inchhung a luh chilh a, tualthah te chu rapthlakah pawh kan ngai tawhlo a, kan ngai zam vel mai mai tawh a ni, chutihlai kar chuan tuna kan sawi mek mahni mihringpuite hmanga sumdawnna (Human Trafficking kan ti zel tawh ang) chuan kan ramah bu a khuar tan mek a, invenna tha kan neihloh chuan nakin lawkah kan phur ti rittu leh kan mangan pui tur a ni dawn a ni.

Chung khawvel sualna pung zelah chuan Human Trafficking pawh a hlawk em avangin a ruka sumdawnna larber a ni chho mek a, kan mizo te ngei pawh a tuartu sawi tur kan awm ta reng mai a ni. Khawvel pumin a hlauhawm zia an hria a, a tihtawp tumin an bei chho mek zel a ni. Mi pakhat emaw, pawl pakhat emaw sorkar pakhatin han tih rem chi a nilova, mitin kan tanruala kan do rawn chauhin he sual rapthlak tak hi kan titawp thei dawn chauh a, he sual hlauhawm tak lakah hian engtin nge kan him ang tihte kan ngaihtuah a tul hle a ni. Mihring nunna hi a hlu a, kan siambelh theilo a, a titawitu leh a nihtur ang nilo a, hrehawm taka tihluihna hmanga awpbettu emaw, ti bawrhbangtu emaw chu khawvelin thiam a chantir ngailo vang.

United Nations “Protocol to Prevent, Supress and Punish Trafficking in Person Especially Women and Children , Supplementing United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime” (Palermo Protocol tih bawk) chuan hetiang hian Human Trafficking a hrilhfiah: :
“ Trafficking in Person chuan midangte mi thuhnuaia dah tura- hnathawk tura lak te an awmna sawn leh chakna/tharum hamnga rukbo emaw bum emaw. thuneihna hmanga hnehchhiah leh an mimal zalenna laksak te a huam a. Midangthuhnuaidah /hnehchhiah chuan a lo berah tihluihna hmanga hursualna lama hman te, hnarim thawhtir te, sal leh chhiahhlawh anga enkawl leh an taksa bungtihkhawloh te a huam a ni”.

(He Protocol hi United Nations General Assembly Resolution No A/RES/55/25 of 13th November 2000 chuan 25 December 2003a hman tan turin a passed a, Dt 15th September 2005 thleng khan ram 88 in a pawmpuina an ziak tawh a ni)

Trafficking tuartu te chu a tlangpuiin ram rethei leh hnufual, unemployment rate sanna hmun, economics dinhmun chhiatna, rambuai leh Politics dinhmun fellohna hmuna mite an ni a, hemi hia chhan ber nia lang chu chutiang hunah chuan miten sum leh pai an tlachham a, an dinhmun a hniam em avangin sum leh pai tlem te te a bum an awl a, hna hmuhna ni tura an hriat chun an hnial phallo a, an duhber a ni tih an hriat avangin remchangah an la thin a ni.

Human Trafficking Tactic (trafficker-tehnamraw hman lar) :
  1. Hna pek tiam (promise of job)
  2. Zirna tha pek (promise of higher studies)
  3. Nu leh pa ten an hralh ( sold away by parents)
  4. Nupui pasal atana neih lem (false marriage)
  5. Human Trafficking hi kum 1900 vela Slave Trade ( mingo, sala sumdawnna) an tih atanga intan a ni a. Kum 1900 vel khan mingo hmeichhe tam tak Europe atangin an mahni duhtu ngeiin Arab ramah leh Europe khawchhak lamah hmei emaw, nawhchizuar turin an pem a, chu chu Europe ram tam leh mipui vantlangin an ngaimawh a, a titawp turin Europe ram hrang hrang te chua 1904 khan “International Aggrement for Suppression of White Slave Trade” chu an sign ta a ni tiin Pu C. Zorammuana, IPS chuan a ziak.

US State Department chhut dan chuan khawvel pumah kumtin mihring (hmeichhia,mipa leh naupang) 6,00,000-8,20,000 (nuai ruk atanga nuai riat leh sing hnih) vel chu an chenna ramri kana hmundanga tawlhruk (traffick) thin an ni a, chung zinga zaa sawmriat (80%) te chu hmeichhia leh naupang an ni a, chung hmeichhia leh naupang zinga zaa a sawmnga (50%) chu naupang kum tlinglo te an ni. Heng hmeichhia leh naupang te hi hmeichhiat mipatna lama hman atan a bikin nawhchizawrhluihtir tur atan leh hursualna lam atan an hmang ber thin. He data hian ram chhuung hmun hrang hrang mihring hmanga sumdawnna ala tello zui a.

Human Trafficking causes (trafficking chhan thenkhat te) :
  1. Hna awmloh vang
  2. Hmeichhia leh naupang chunga hleihlenna nasat vang
  3. Khawpuia pemlut tam vang
  4. Industrialisation
  5. Retheihna vang
  6. Hmeichhe dinhmun chhiat vang
  7. Ngaihdan dikloh vang (eg : virgin pawlin damreina)
  8. Police leh dan kengkawhtute dikloh/eiruk nasat vang
  9. Sex ratio inthlauh vang
  10. Sex tourism vang
  11. Politics kalphung dikloh vang
  12. A titute an hlawk em avangin an bansan phallo
  13. Rambuai vang.

United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) te chhut dan chuan Human Trafficking-ah hian kumtin US $9.5 billion vel a virvelin an chhut a, UNPF Report 2003-ah pawh mi 700,000-2 million te chu International Boundary kal kana tawlhruk (traffick) thin an ni. UNICEF chuan Sri Lanka-ah LTTE te chuan kum 2002 khan naupang 5,369 naupang sipai (Chld soldier) atan an lalui niin a sawi. ILO chuan 2005 khan khawvelah hnathawka chhawrluih mi 12.3 million vel awmin achhut a, chung zinga 2.45 million te chu trafficking tuartu te an ni tiin a sawi. Heng data hrang hrang atanga alan dan hian khawvelah Human Trafficking hi a hluar hle a ni tih a hriat.

Trafficking ti tu te hian hmeichhia leh naupang an bum nasat ber te an ni a, achhan chu hmeichhia te chu nawhchizawrhna atan leh nawmsip bawlna tan te, nupui a neih atan te an hmang nasa a, tin naupang te chu hnarim thawk tur leh Intihhlimna hmun atan te leh an ransa enkawltu atan te, inah awmpui atan leh hotel/restaurant/travel indusrt-ah te an hamng nasa a, tin tunhnai atang khan khawthlang ram (western countries) ten India ram hi Sex tourism atan an hmang nasa hle a ni. Mipa te chu hnarim tak tak thawkturin an la thin.
Human Trafficking hmanna te:
  1. Nawhchizawrhluih tir atan (about 80%)
  2. Hnarim thawktu atan (force labour)
  3. Hmei/nupui pasala neih lemah (false marriage)
  4. Naupang sipaiah (child soldier)
  5. Camel intlansiak enkawltuah (camel jockey)
  6. Drugs tawlhru tu atan (drugs smuggler)
  7. Kutdawhtu atan (street beggar)
  8. Thil ru tu atan (pick pocketer)
  9. Taksa bung hralh sak atan (organ transplant)
  10. Hnathawk/tirhkah atan (domestic worker)
  11. Circus leh entertainment industry hrang hrang ahman atan.
Russia ram alo kehchhiat atang khan heng ram hrang hrang Albania, Moldova, Romania, Bilgaria, Belarus leh Russia te hi Trafficking hmunpui a rawn nichho a, abikin hmeichhia leh naupang te ram danga thawnchhuak nasa ( most trafficking source countries) an ni a, chung trafficking victim te chu Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom, Greece leh Middle-east ram hrang hrang Turkey, Israel leh UAE bakah USA ah te nawhchizuar tur in an thawnlut thin.

Asia ramah hian he sumdawnna hi a hluar hle bawk a, a hmunpui ber a ni a, a thangchak em em a, a bikin South Asia leh South East Asia-aah a hluar hle a, Japan hi Asia ramah chuan Trafficking hmunpuiber pakhat a ni.US State Department chuan kum 2001 atanga a kumtina a tihchhuah thin Trafficking in Person Report-ah pawh 2001 atang khan Japan hi kumtin Tier 2 (enbikngai ramah) ala dah ziah a, India ram pawh 2003 atang khan Tier 2 watch list-ah hian kumtin ala awm ziah a ni. Tunah hian Asia ramah sexual trafficking tuar mi 3,00,000 vel an awm niin chhut a ni.

UNO Report 2003 a alan dan chuan India ram hi Human Trafficking khawvelahluar berna ram 9 na a ni a , Reuter AlertNet Survey 2006 pawhin India ram hi naupangte tana ram himlo Parukna (6) naah a lo puang tawh a ni. Police te chhut dan chuan kumtin hmeichhia leh naupang 15,000 Bangladesh atangin India ramah tawlhluh ruk thin an ni a, NGO thenkhat chuan hmeichhia leh naupang 1,60,000 atnga 2,50,000 chu Nepal atangin India ramah tawhluh ruk thin anii a chhut a, chung zinga 35% te chu hursualna lam hawi atan hman thin an ni. India hmeichhe sang tamtak chu Gulf ram bakah Australia, South East AIsa, USA leh UK ah te nawhchizuar tur leh hnarim thawk turin kumtin a ruka tawlhluh thin an ni bawk.
Ministry of Home Affiars, Govt of India chhut dan chuan dan chuan kumtin Nepal atangin mi 1,00,000 leh Bangladesh atangin mi 50,000 India rama a ruka tawlhluh thin niin a chhut a, heng mite hi tamtak chu India ram khawpui hrang hranga Nawhchizawrhna hmunah te leh hnarim thawk tur tein an chambanga, tamtak chu ram dangah an thawnchhuak leh thin a ni. MHA hian India rama trafficking zaa sawmkua (90%) chu hmeichhiat mipatna lam hawia hman an ni tih a sawi a, Reuter AlertNet Survey 2006 chuan kumtin naupang kum 16 hnuailam mi nuai khat eh sing hnih vel te chu he sual tenawm tak turtu an ni a ti bawk.

Human Trafficking hi India ramah Business lian tak a nichho mek zel a, kumtin US $8 million (Rs 36.77crore) vel chevel thin anga chhut a ni. India ram hi Human Trafficking hmunpui (source,destination, transit country) a ni chho mek a, naupang taktak chu Middle-east leh Europe-ah te, USA ah te tawlhruk mek zel an ni a. National Human Rights Commissionchuan kumtin naupang 30,133 bo ziah ang a ni ati a, chung zinga 27% te chu an awmna chin hriatlohin an bo hlen thin. ( Trafficking victim an ni berin alang, hman deuha Vairengte naupang bo an awmna chin an hriat miahloh te paw kha he trafficking victim te pawh hi an ni mai thei a ni)
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Hmarchhak ram (Northesat India) hi tunah hian trafficker te chuan an rawn tum leh tan mek a, kan vun a ngo a, chubakah kan hmel te a lo tha a, mi rethei tak trak kan tam avang leh hna a van em em avang te, kan economics dinhmun hniam avang te, rambuai kan nih avang te hian remchangah lain min arwn tuam mek zel a ni. A bik takin Assam leh Meghalaya te chu a tuar nasa zual an ni a, keini mizo te pawhin kan tuar mek a.Dan lam kan hriatloh avang leh he Human Trafficking hi inhriattirna tha kan la neihloh em avangin kan la hmelhriat vawklo mai niin alang a, kan zingah he sual tenawm tak hi a cheng mek a, kan inven a ngai tak meuh meuh a ni.

Mizoramah tunlaiin he Human Traffickinglam hi a rawn hluar chho mekin a hriat a hman kum lawk pawh khan Delhi-ah Mizo hnamdang pasal nei chu hmeichhiate zuar thina puhin man a lo ni tawh a, Vairengte naupang chu Sipai officer pakhat chuan awmpui tura laina a bo tawh bawk a, heng bakah hian a dang tam tak ala awm in a rinawm, Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act 1956 hnuaiah 2006 thleng khan mi 13 man an ni tawh a, heng mite hi ITPA hnuaia man te an ni a, Human Trafficking ti tu te an vai hian an nih leh nihloh a chianglo hle a, ITPA hnuai man an ni a, trafficking ti tute an nih vek a rinawm loh hle. Engpawhchu nise he sual hlauhawm lakah hian kan him tawhlo a, kan inven a, tan kan lak a ngai a ni.

Nikum mai pawh khan Mumbai Mizo Association chuan thuchhuah siamnin mizo tamtak Mumbai leh a chhehvelah receptionist tur alak, an thlen hnua an hna thlak sak leh hlawh hmu mumallo an awm a, chuvangin fimkhur a ngai an tih thu te an chhuah a, hetiang tuar hi kan lo awm nual tawh a ni.Hna kan zawnna kawngah hian kan fimkhur a ngai tak meuh meuh a ni, heng trafficker te hian hmeichhia leh naupang te an tum bik thin tih kan hriat ngei ngei a tul hle a ni.

Tunlaiin mi thenkhatin foreign leh phaiah hna hmuhsak thei angin Chanchinbu-ah Advertisement hmang tein an inzuar mek a, mipa tan thawhtur awm miahlo, hmeichhe tana thawh tur tam em em a awm ta teuh mai, hna tha tak tak leh hlawh tam tak tak te an ni hlawm a, mahse heng company leh hna latu te hi kan hriat ngai lemloh leh larlo tak tak te an ni hlawm, heng recruiter te hi trafficker an ni kherlo mai thei, mahse an hnathawhna hmunah an tawk thei a, an la tuar thei chauh a ni, amaherawhchu kan tuar thei a ni tih hriain kan inven thiam a ngai hle a, hna awm apaing bawh mai hi a himlo thei a ni.Tin, Ministry of Women & Child Developement chuan hmeichhia kum 30 hnuailam chu heng ram harng hrangah hianDomestic worker anga kal a khap at bawk , chung ram te chu - Middle East ram hrang harng (saudi Arabia, Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman) leh Syria, Jordan, malaysia, Afghanistan, Thailand, Indonesia, Iraq, Brunei, Nigeria, Sudan, Libya- Times of India, 16th May 2007)

Mi tam tak chu hna thawk turin foreign-ah an la a, an hnathawhna hmun an thlen chuan an passport leh document te chhuhsakin an tinawmnah a, Sex an hmanpui a, an sawichhuah chuan an thlalak chanchinbu leh an chhungte hmuhtirah an vau thin. Mi tamtak chu hna rim an thawhtir a, an hlawh an pe tha duhlo a, an mamawh an in phuhruk zawhloh avangin pawisa a pung tam tak tak awmin an hman tir a, tlanchhuah an tum chuan thahah te hial an vau a, an tlanchhuah tum an man pawhin nasa tak takin an sawisa thin. Mi tamtak chu an taksa bung lachhuakin an hralhsak thin bawk.

He natna hlauhawm tak hian min rawn chim bau tak tak hma hian tan ila ang u, keini kan chetchhuahloh chuan tute nge che chhuak ang, Zoramina mamawh a, a ko che, nangmah chiah kha kan nghak che a, kan ramah zung a kaih a, kan chhaitpui a, kan tahpui tlawk tlawk hma hian tan ila ang u.

(He Article hi 2008 kuma ka ziah tawh a ni)
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